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Новости/Аналитика

The need for rational use of cannabis has ripened in Kazakhstan

21.11.2016

World practice shows positive examples of the use of hemp raw materials, both in the industrial and medical purposes. In the world campaign for the rehabilitation of cannabis and return the product into circulation. This will improve the economic component and address one of the pressing environmental issues - the question of transition to "green" economy.
 
Why Kazakhstan is beneficial to engage konoplevodstvom and move away from traditional forms of agriculture said CEO «Kagaz Shahary SEZ» Maxim Skrynnik.
 
To begin with, it should be noted that the active economic and human economic activity causes great harm to the environment. Sometimes, unfortunately, irreversible. A striking example is the massive cultivation of cotton, which peaked in the years of Soviet power.
 
Cotton - one of the most common crops. For its cultivation requires a huge amount of fertilizer and water - to grow one kilo of cotton, should be no less than seven tons of water! In Soviet times, it has not spared and was not considered to Having reported on the huge crop, rotate, riverbeds, thoughtlessly built dams and dikes. A sad example of wasting the waters of the Amu Darya is the story with Sarikamish basin. In the early Middle Ages it fell into one of the tributaries of the Amu Darya and flowed along the ancient bed of the Caspian Sea Uzboi. When in the 1950s the Aral Sea region, the mass of cotton cultivation, drainage of water poured into the hollow Sarykamysh - up to 6 cubic kilometers per year. It formed a huge lake 125 kilometers long and 90 kilometers wide. The lake is divorced carp and bream, but they were not suitable for consumption because of pesticide poisoning, with washable cotton fields. And so pesticides are not spared! They even added and defoliants - drugs, causing defoliation.
 
"Environmentalists are sounding the alarm. Extensive cotton cultivation method raised large layer of problems. The use of fertilizers, insecticides, and defoliants leads to ecological and social disaster. Cotton can be cultivated in the same place for 4-5 years in a row only if regularly to make fertilizer, as well as regularly carried out the fight against weeds, pests and diseases. There will come a time when cotton occupied area is not able to generate the expected yield ", - says M.Skrynnik.
 
Scientists say that the cultivation of other crops on them is a difficult task, because the soil damage on the microbiological level. The consequence can be desolation now cultivated areas, turning them into the steppes and deserts. In addition, traces of the chemicals used are found in textiles. Approximately 10% of them remain in the tissue and can lead to skin diseases and allergic reactions.
 
It raises serious concerns in terms of environmental and industrial production of pulp and paper from wood. First of all, this is a great consumption of electricity, water and chemicals that are used in the bleaching of paper, as well as steam and gas emissions, wastewater discharges.
 
"Today in Kazakhstan there is a need of cultivation and sustainable use of cannabis. World practice shows positive examples of the use of this raw material, as in the industrial and medical purposes. The norms of international law, adopted in favor of private interests and imposed by US companies in the thirties of the last century, is recognized in most countries of the outdated and ineffective. In connection with this worldwide campaign for the rehabilitation of cannabis and return the product into circulation. This will improve the economic component and address one of the pressing environmental issues - the question of transition to "green" the economy ", - said General Director of« Kagaz Shahary SEZ ».
 
According to studies, technical hemp is a very good crop. What is very important for organic farming, it consumes less water and does not require the use of herbicides and pesticides. For a short period (about 110 days) per hectare of land sown with hemp can produce up to 12 metric tons of biomass and up to a ton of seeds. Hemp is superior to cotton yield by 4 times. In addition, a hectare of hemp provides as much pulp as 4 hectares of forest. Hemp grows, both irrigated and non-irrigated lands to which Kazakhstan is not always used for agronomic purposes.
 
"The development of industrial hemp in Kazakhstan coincides with a renaissance konoplevodstva world in the coming years, where our country can take a leading position. In particular, the cultivation of cannabis seeds on the "organic" process technology automatically displays the resulting products for export to the European Union (EU). In the EU, growth in food production from the technical hemp grew at least 15% per year, and this fact is due to the trend of European consumers for healthy food, rich in nutrients. Technical hemp seeds enriched in omega 3 and 6 contain the same amount of protein as soybeans, are rich in protein and amino acids. To date, the major supermarket chains in the EU are actively selling food products from hemp ", - quotes the expert information.
 
Consumption of cannabis seeds EU countries in 2013 was 18 000 tonnes, in 2015 - 21 000 tons. At the same time 50% of the needs of the hemp seed is cultivated in the EU and 50% is imported from China. The price of cannabis seeds has increased from € 1,000 per tonne in 2008 to EUR 2,000 per tonne in 2015. In view of the significant growth rates in the EU and world consumption of seeds Kazakhstan with its unique konoplevodstva to geographical and climatic characteristics, there is an objective possibility to replace the supply of hemp seeds from China to the EU, as well as enter the global market.
 
Fabric made from hemp is distinguished by its practicality, ease of use, has a high degree of stability and processing preserves all useful and valuable properties of natural materials. Such a fabric for a long time remains in its original form, is able to gently interact with the skin and protect against the harmful effects of the environment.
 
Based on the current trends of the world, Kazakhstan has all chances to find its niche in the global textile konoplevodstve direction. Cotton crops in our country are reduced over the past 10 years, with cannabis in the short term could affect the "restart" the Kazakh textile industry. Hemp yarn at a cost significantly lower than cotton, because of the already above-mentioned factors, and, as already mentioned, due to cheap raw materials are two directions you can work out: to develop its own production facilities to increase the redistribution within the Republic of Kazakhstan, or come up with a raw semi-finished product for export, particularly in China.
 
With 1 hectare of hemp receive the same amount of cellulose, but with 4 hectares of forest. Cost of production of pulp from raw hemp is lower than 30% of wood (pine and birch, larch), due to lower consumption of energy and chemicals. The investment capacity of the construction of pulp and paper mill on hemp raw materials is 2 times lower than in the same industrial complex on the basis of wood due to the softer mode fiber development.
 
"Annual consumption of white paper only in Kazakhstan (office paper and paper for printing textbooks) is 100 ths. Tons, or 100 mln. US dollars, with the only domestic enterprise for the production of paper is« KagazShaharySEZ »LLP (7.5 thousand tons per year). The main problem is the lack of market development and raw material base import dependence. In the four years of studies in this direction, the project team examined the possibility of establishing a production of cellulose-based paper, reeds, flax and wheat straw, hemp. Our research has led to the unequivocal conclusion that the most suitable raw material for the development of the pulp and paper industry is a technical hemp, which is more than just meet the requirements of "green" economy "- summed up Maxim Skrynnik.
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